{"id":4073,"date":"2026-03-31T10:52:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T10:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/?p=4073"},"modified":"2026-04-03T12:53:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T12:53:08","slug":"plant-growth-and-development-class-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/plant-growth-and-development-class-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Plant Growth and Development Class 11: Comprehensive NEET Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n    <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300..600;1,9..40,300..600&#038;family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;700&#038;family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;600;700;800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n    <style>\n        :root {\n            --accent: #e8600a;\n            --accent-light: #fff3ec;\n            --accent-mid: #fde3cc;\n            --dark: #111827;\n            --text: #1a1a1a;\n            --text-muted: #4b5563;\n            --border: #e5e7eb;\n            --green-bg: #f0fdf4;\n            --green-border: #16a34a;\n            --blue-bg: #eff6ff;\n            --blue-border: #3b82f6;\n        }\n\n        * { box-sizing: border-box; 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color: white; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 12px 24px; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 20px; }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">01<\/div><span>Introduction to plant growth and development class 11<\/span><\/h2>\n        \n\n        <p>Mastering the concepts of <strong>plant growth and development class 11<\/strong> is essential for any medical aspirant aiming for a top rank in NEET. Growth is one of the most conspicuous characteristics of any living being. In plants, growth is an irreversible, permanent increase in size, often accompanied by metabolic changes. Development, on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses all changes an organism goes through during its life cycle\u2014from seed germination to senescence. This guide provides the conceptual depth and keyword-rich analysis needed for competitive excellence.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"card-grid\">\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">GROWTH<\/span>\n                A quantitative parameter. It is measurable and usually involves an increase in dry weight, volume, or area.\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">DEVELOPMENT<\/span>\n                A sum of growth and differentiation. It describes the qualitative progression of a plant&#8217;s complexity.\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">02<\/div><span>Phases of Plant Growth<\/span><\/h2>\n        <p>Growth is not uniform throughout the plant body. It occurs in three sequential phases: Meristematic, Elongation, and Maturation. Understanding these stages is a high-yield area in the <strong>plant growth and development class 11<\/strong> curriculum.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"table-container\">\n            <table>\n                <thead>\n                    <tr>\n                        <th>Phase<\/th>\n                        <th>Cellular Characteristics<\/th>\n                        <th>Key Physiological Event<\/th>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Meristematic<\/td>\n                        <td>Rich in protoplasm, large nuclei, thin cellulosic cell walls.<\/td>\n                        <td>Active cell division at root and shoot apices.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Elongation<\/td>\n                        <td>Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement, new cell wall deposition.<\/td>\n                        <td>Increase in the length of the organ.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Maturation<\/td>\n                        <td>Cells attain maximal size and specialized cell wall thickenings.<\/td>\n                        <td>Differentiation into permanent tissues.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"callout tip\">\n            <div class=\"callout-pill\">TIP<\/div>\n            Plant growth is <strong>Indeterminate<\/strong> because plants retain the capacity for unlimited growth throughout their life due to the presence of meristems at certain locations.\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- Promotional Banner 1 -->\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ksquare.co.in\/new-courses\/3-mission-180-neet-physics-rankers-batch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" style=\"display:block; margin-bottom:40px;\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Course-Poromo-Banner-scaled.png\" alt=\"Mission 180 NEET Physics Rankers Batch - KSquare Career Institute\" style=\"width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:10px; display:block;\">\n        <\/a>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">03<\/div><span>Growth Rates and the Sigmoid Curve<\/span><\/h2>\n        <p>The increased growth per unit time is termed as the growth rate. In <strong>plant growth and development class 11<\/strong>, we analyze two types of growth models: Arithmetic and Geometric.<\/p>\n\n        <h3>Arithmetic vs Geometric Growth<\/h3>\n        <ul>\n            <li><strong>Arithmetic Growth:<\/strong> Following mitotic cell division, only one daughter cell continues to divide while the other differentiates. Example: Root elongation at a constant rate.<\/li>\n            <li><strong>Geometric Growth:<\/strong> Both daughter cells continue to divide. This is characteristic of early embryonic development and follows a <strong>Sigmoid (S-shaped)<\/strong> curve.<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <div class=\"formula-dark\">\n            <span class=\"formula-dark-label\">SIGMOID CURVE PHASES<\/span>\n            <div class=\"formula-dark-content\">Lag Phase &rarr; Log (Exponential) Phase &rarr; Stationary Phase<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">04<\/div><span><span>Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, and Redifferentiation<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n        <p>This &#8220;D-DD-RD&#8221; sequence is a frequent NEET trap. These terms describe the plasticity and versatility of plant cells as they respond to internal and external cues.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"card-grid\">\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">DIFFERENTIATION<\/span>\n                Cells derived from root\/shoot meristems mature to perform specific functions (e.g., forming a tracheary element).\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">DEDIFFERENTIATION<\/span>\n                Living differentiated cells regain the capacity to divide under specific conditions (e.g., formation of Cork Cambium).\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"formula-orange\">\n            <div class=\"formula-orange-content\">Redifferentiation: The process where dedifferentiated cells once again lose their capacity to divide and become mature\/specialized.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">05<\/div><span>Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)<\/span><\/h2>\n        <p>PGRs are small, simple chemical molecules that control all stages of <strong>plant growth and development class 11<\/strong> students must study. They are broadly divided into Promoters and Inhibitors.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"table-container\">\n            <table>\n                <thead>\n                    <tr>\n                        <th>Hormone Group<\/th>\n                        <th>Nature<\/th>\n                        <th>Key Function<\/th>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Auxins (IAA)<\/td>\n                        <td>Promoter<\/td>\n                        <td>Apical dominance, cell elongation, root initiation.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Gibberellins (GA)<\/td>\n                        <td>Promoter<\/td>\n                        <td>Stem elongation (bolting), seed germination, breaking dormancy.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Cytokinins<\/td>\n                        <td>Promoter<\/td>\n                        <td>Cell division, delay of senescence, lateral bud growth.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Ethylene<\/td>\n                        <td>Gaseous \/ Inhibitor<\/td>\n                        <td>Fruit ripening, senescence, horizontal growth of seedlings.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Abscisic Acid (ABA)<\/td>\n                        <td>Inhibitor<\/td>\n                        <td>Stress hormone, closing of stomata, seed dormancy.<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"callout warning\">\n            <div class=\"callout-pill\">WARN<\/div>\n            <strong>Apical Dominance:<\/strong> The presence of the apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds. This is controlled by Auxin. Decapitation (removing the shoot tip) allows lateral buds to grow.\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- Promotional Banner 2 -->\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/neet-2026-rank-predictor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" style=\"display:block; margin-bottom:40px;\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/neet-2026-college-and-rank-predictor-scaled.png\" alt=\"NEET 2026 Rank Predictor - KSquare Career Institute\" style=\"width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:10px; display:block;\">\n        <\/a>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">06<\/div><span>Photoperiodism and Vernalization<\/span><\/h2>\n        <p>Plants have mechanisms to perceive the duration of light and cold, ensuring they flower at the most opportune time. These environmental responses are core pillars of <strong>plant growth and development class 11<\/strong> study.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"card-grid\">\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">PHOTOPERIODISM<\/span>\n                The response of plants to the relative length of day and night. Categorized into Long Day, Short Day, and Day Neutral plants.\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">VERNALIZATION<\/span>\n                The quantitative or qualitative dependence of flowering on exposure to low temperature (0&minus;5&deg;C).\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">07<\/div><span>Seed Dormancy: Breaking the Barrier<\/span><\/h2>\n        <p>Seed dormancy is a state where seeds fail to germinate even under favorable environmental conditions due to internal factors. In the study of <strong>plant growth and development class 11<\/strong>, this is seen as a survival strategy.<\/p>\n        \n        <ul>\n            <li><strong>Causes:<\/strong> Hard seed coats, presence of chemical inhibitors like ABA, phenolic acids.<\/li>\n            <li><strong>Breaking Methods:<\/strong> Scarification (mechanical abrasion) or Stratification (exposure to cold\/chemicals like GA).<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <div class=\"internal-links\">\n            <span class=\"internal-links-title\">ENHANCE YOUR NEET PREPARATION<\/span>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/neet-physics-survival-kit-2026\/\">NEET Physics Survival Kit 2026<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/organic-chemistry-strategy-neet\/\">Organic Chemistry Strategy for NEET<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/neet-biology-tricks-for-exams\/\">Biology Mnemonics &#038; Tricks<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/score-340-in-neet-biology\/\">How to Score 340 in NEET Biology<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/top-10-tricky-neet-biology-diagrams\/\">Top 10 Tricky Biology Diagrams<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/free-study-material\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Free NEET Study Material<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"revision-box\">\n            <h3>Quick Revision Summary<\/h3>\n            <ul>\n                <li><strong>Growth:<\/strong> Irreversible quantitative increase in size\/mass.<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Indeterminate growth:<\/strong> Capacity for unlimited growth due to meristems.<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Arithmetic growth:<\/strong> L<sub>t<\/sub> = L<sub>0<\/sub> + rt.<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Geometric growth:<\/strong> W<sub>1<\/sub> = W<sub>0<\/sub> e<sup>rt<\/sup>.<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Auxin:<\/strong> Derived from Tryptophan; responsible for apical dominance.<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Gibberellins:<\/strong> Cause &#8220;bolting&#8221; in rosette plants (e.g., Cabbage).<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Cytokinins:<\/strong> Delay leaf senescence (Richmond-Lang effect).<\/li>\n                <li><strong>ABA:<\/strong> Known as the &#8220;stress hormone&#8221;; inhibits germination.<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Ethylene:<\/strong> Only gaseous PGR; promotes fruit ripening.<\/li>\n                <li><strong>Vernalization:<\/strong> Ensures flowering in spring after winter chill.<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n            <a href=\"#\" class=\"download-btn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n                <span>Download PGR Formula Sheet (PDF)<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">08<\/div><span>Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/h2>\n        <div class=\"faq-container\">\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>What is the difference between Arithmetic and Geometric growth?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">In Arithmetic growth, only one daughter cell continues to divide, resulting in a linear increase (e.g., constant root elongation). In Geometric growth, both daughter cells divide, leading to exponential growth seen in initial stages of development or population growth.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>Why is ABA called the stress hormone?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Abscisic acid (ABA) is called the stress hormone because its concentration increases significantly during environmental stress, such as drought. It induces the closure of stomata to prevent water loss and increases the tolerance of plants to various kinds of stresses.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>What does the term &#8220;Bolting&#8221; mean in Gibberellins?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Bolting is the sudden elongation of internodes just prior to flowering in plants with a rosette habit, such as cabbage or beet. Gibberellins promote this process, effectively &#8220;shooting up&#8221; the plant height before the flower blooms.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>Explain the site of perception for photoperiodism.<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">The site of perception of light\/dark duration is the **Leaves**. It is hypothesized that a hormonal substance (Florigen) migrates from leaves to shoot apices to induce flowering when the plant is exposed to the required photoperiod.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>What is a &#8220;Day-Neutral&#8221; plant?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Day-neutral plants are those in which there is no correlation between the exposure to light duration and the induction of flowering response. They flower regardless of the day length (e.g., Tomato, Cucumber, Cotton).<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>How can we commercially use Ethylene?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Ethylene (often used in the form of Ethephon) is widely used in agriculture to synchronize fruit ripening in tomatoes and apples, accelerate abscission in cotton and walnuts (thinning), and promote female flowers in cucumbers to increase yield.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"cta-section\">\n            <h2>Accelerate Your Growth with KSquare<\/h2>\n            <p>Mastering <strong>plant growth and development class 11<\/strong> is a vital milestone for your medical college entrance success. Join KSquare Institute&#8217;s Mission 180 Rankers Batch for expert-led modules, high-yield practice sessions, and 24\/7 doubt resolution to secure your seat.<\/p>\n            <div class=\"cta-buttons\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ksquare.co.in\/new-courses\/3-mission-180-neet-physics-rankers-batch\" class=\"btn btn-white\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Join Rankers Batch<\/a>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/free-study-material\/\" class=\"btn btn-outline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Get Free Study Material<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n  <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n  <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n  <title>Table of Contents \u2014 Biology Class 11<\/title>\n  \n  <!-- Google Fonts Import -->\n  <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n  <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n  <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&#038;family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:ital,wght@0,200..800;1,200..800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n  \n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped wrapper using a unique ID (#biology-toc-wrapper).\n       Ensures zero CSS leakage and full width edge-to-edge layout.\n    *\/\n    #biology-toc-wrapper {\n      font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;\n      width: 100%;\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 60px 0;\n      color: #111;\n      background: #fff;\n      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper .container-inner {\n      width: 100%;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n      padding: 0; \n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper h1 {\n      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n      font-size: 0.85rem;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: #71717a;\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      letter-spacing: 0.1em;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      padding-left: 16px; \n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper h2 {\n      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n      font-size: 2.25rem;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      margin: 0 0 48px;\n      letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n      color: #09090b;\n      padding-left: 16px;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper table {\n      width: 100%;\n      border-collapse: collapse;\n      border-spacing: 0;\n      border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n      border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper tr {\n      border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n      transition: all 0.2s ease;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper tr:hover {\n      background-color: #f8fafc;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper tr:last-child {\n      border-bottom: none;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper td {\n      padding: 24px 16px;\n      vertical-align: middle;\n      font-size: 1.05rem;\n      font-weight: 500;\n      border-right: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper td:last-child {\n      border-right: none;\n    }\n\n    \/* Column 1: Index Numbers *\/\n    #biology-toc-wrapper td:first-child {\n      color: #a1a1aa;\n      font-size: 0.9rem;\n      width: 70px;\n      font-weight: 400;\n      font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n      text-align: center;\n      padding-left: 10px;\n    }\n\n    \/* Column 2: Chapter Titles *\/\n    #biology-toc-wrapper td:nth-child(2) {\n      padding-left: 32px; \n      color: #18181b;\n    }\n\n    \/* Column 3: Action Button *\/\n    #biology-toc-wrapper td:last-child {\n      text-align: right;\n      width: 180px;\n      padding-right: 24px; \n    }\n\n    \/* Premium Button Styling *\/\n    #biology-toc-wrapper a.go {\n      display: inline-block;\n      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n      font-size: 0.75rem;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      padding: 12px 24px;\n      border: 1.5px solid #18181b;\n      border-radius: 8px;\n      color: #18181b;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      letter-spacing: 0.05em;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\n      white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n\n    #biology-toc-wrapper a.go:hover {\n      background: #18181b;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      transform: translateY(-2px);\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(24, 24, 27, 0.15);\n    }\n\n    \/* Responsive adjustments *\/\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n      #biology-toc-wrapper h2 {\n        font-size: 1.75rem;\n        margin-bottom: 32px;\n        padding-left: 12px;\n      }\n      #biology-toc-wrapper td {\n        padding: 18px 12px;\n        font-size: 0.95rem;\n      }\n      #biology-toc-wrapper td:nth-child(2) {\n        padding-left: 16px;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div id=\"biology-toc-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"container-inner\">\n    <h1>Table of Contents<\/h1>\n    <h2>Biology &mdash; Class 11<\/h2>\n    \n    <table>\n      <tr><td>01<\/td><td>The Living World<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/the-living-world-class-11-biology-notes\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>02<\/td><td>Biological Classification<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/biological-classification-class-11-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>03<\/td><td>Plant Kingdom<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/plant-kingdom-class-11-notes-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>04<\/td><td>Animal Kingdom<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/animal-kingdom-class-11-notes-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>05<\/td><td>Morphology of Flowering Plants<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/morphology-of-flowering-plants-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>06<\/td><td>Anatomy of Flowering Plants<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/anatomy-of-flowering-plants-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>07<\/td><td>Structural Organisation in Animals<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/structural-organisation-in-animals-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>08<\/td><td>Cell: The Unit of Life<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/cell-the-unit-of-life-class-11-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>09<\/td><td>Biomolecules<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/biomolecules-class-11-biology-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>10<\/td><td>Cell Cycle and Cell Division<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/cell-cycle-and-division-class-11-notes\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>11<\/td><td>Photosynthesis in Higher Plants<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/photosynthesis-in-higher-plants-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>12<\/td><td>Respiration in Plants<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/respiration-in-plants-class-11-notes-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>13<\/td><td>Plant Growth and Development<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/plant-growth-and-development-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>14<\/td><td>Breathing and Exchange of Gases<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>15<\/td><td>Body Fluids and Circulation<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/body-fluids-and-circulation-class-11-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>16<\/td><td>Excretory Products and their Elimination<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/excretory-products-and-elimination-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>17<\/td><td>Locomotion and Movement<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/locomotion-and-movement-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>18<\/td><td>Neural Control and Coordination<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/neural-control-and-coordination-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>19<\/td><td>Chemical Coordination and Integration<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/chemical-coordination-and-integration-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>01 Introduction to plant growth and development class 11 Mastering the concepts of plant growth and development class 11 is essential for any medical aspirant aiming for a top rank in NEET. Growth is one of the most conspicuous characteristics of any living being. In plants, growth is an irreversible, permanent increase in size, often [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[445,446,442,444,443],"class_list":["post-4073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-free-study-material","tag-auxin-gibberellin-cytokinin-notes","tag-class-11-biology-chapter-growth","tag-plant-growth-and-development-class-11","tag-plant-growth-notes-ncert","tag-plant-hormones-class-11"],"blocksy_meta":{"page_structure_type":"type-1","styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4073"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4265,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073\/revisions\/4265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}