{"id":4027,"date":"2026-03-30T11:54:59","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T11:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/?p=4027"},"modified":"2026-04-03T12:34:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T12:34:26","slug":"hydrocarbons-class-11-notes-pdf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/hydrocarbons-class-11-notes-pdf\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrocarbons Class 11 Notes PDF: Complete NEET Chemistry Revision Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n    <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n    <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n    <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,300..600;1,9..40,300..600&#038;family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500;700&#038;family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:wght@400;600;700;800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n    <style>\n        :root {\n            --accent: #e8600a;\n            --accent-light: #fff3ec;\n            --accent-mid: #fde3cc;\n            --dark: #111827;\n            --text: #1a1a1a;\n            --text-muted: #4b5563;\n            --border: #e5e7eb;\n            --green-bg: #f0fdf4;\n            --green-border: #16a34a;\n            --blue-bg: #eff6ff;\n            --blue-border: #3b82f6;\n        }\n\n        * { box-sizing: border-box; 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}\n        .faq-answer { padding: 24px; background: white; color: var(--text-muted); border-top: 1px solid var(--accent-mid); }\n\n        .revision-box { background: var(--green-bg); border: 2px solid var(--green-border); border-radius: 12px; padding: 30px; margin: 40px 0; }\n        .revision-box h3 { color: var(--green-border); margin-bottom: 20px; }\n        .revision-box ul { list-style: none; }\n        .revision-box li { position: relative; padding-left: 24px; margin-bottom: 12px; color: #166534; font-weight: 500; }\n        .revision-box li::before { content: '\u2022'; position: absolute; left: 0; color: var(--green-border); font-weight: bold; }\n\n        .cta-section { background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e8600a, #c2410c, #9a3412); padding: 60px 40px; text-align: center; margin-top: 60px; }\n        .cta-section h2 { color: white; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 16px; }\n        .cta-section p { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85); max-width: 700px; margin: 0 auto 30px; }\n        .cta-buttons { display: flex; gap: 16px; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n        .btn { padding: 14px 32px; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; transition: 0.3s; }\n        .btn-white { background: white; color: var(--accent); }\n        .btn-outline { border: 2px solid white; color: white; }\n\n        .internal-links { background: #f9fafb; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 10px; padding: 24px; margin: 40px 0; }\n        .internal-links-title { color: var(--text-muted); font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-bottom: 16px; display: block; }\n        .internal-links a { display: block; color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 8px; }\n\n        .download-btn { background: var(--dark); color: white; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding: 12px 24px; border-radius: 8px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; margin-top: 20px; }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">01<\/div>Introduction to Hydrocarbons<\/h2>\n        <p>If you are looking for high-quality <strong>hydrocarbons class 11 notes pdf<\/strong> resources, you are in the right place. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They serve as the foundation of organic chemistry and are vital for understanding industrial fuels, polymers, and biochemical processes. For NEET aspirants, mastering the reactivity patterns of these molecules is essential for tackling the Organic Chemistry section effectively.<\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"card-grid\">\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">ALIPHATIC<\/span>\n                Open-chain structures that can be straight or branched. These include saturated (alkanes) and unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes) types.\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">AROMATIC<\/span>\n                Cyclic compounds like benzene that possess special stability due to delocalized pi-electrons, following Huckel&#8217;s rule.\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">02<\/div>Classification of Hydrocarbons<\/h2>\n        <p>Understanding the classification is the first step in any <strong>hydrocarbons class 11 notes pdf<\/strong> study guide. Hydrocarbons are divided based on the type of carbon-carbon bonds and their structural arrangement.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"table-container\">\n            <table>\n                <thead>\n                    <tr>\n                        <th>Category<\/th>\n                        <th>Sub-type<\/th>\n                        <th>General Formula<\/th>\n                        <th>Saturation<\/th>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Aliphatic<\/td>\n                        <td>Alkanes<\/td>\n                        <td>C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>2n+2<\/sub><\/td>\n                        <td>Saturated<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Aliphatic<\/td>\n                        <td>Alkenes<\/td>\n                        <td>C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>2n<\/sub><\/td>\n                        <td>Unsaturated (=)<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Aliphatic<\/td>\n                        <td>Alkynes<\/td>\n                        <td>C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>2n\u22122<\/sub><\/td>\n                        <td>Unsaturated (\u2261)<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Aromatic<\/td>\n                        <td>Arenes<\/td>\n                        <td>Varies<\/td>\n                        <td>Special Cyclic<\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">03<\/div>Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons<\/h2>\n        <p>Alkanes, also known as paraffins (meaning little affinity), are characterized by single carbon-carbon bonds. They are relatively chemically inert under normal conditions but undergo specific reactions like free radical substitution.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"formula-dark\">\n            <span class=\"formula-dark-label\">KEY PREPARATION: WURTZ REACTION<\/span>\n            <div class=\"formula-dark-content\">2R-X + 2Na (in dry ether) \u2192 R-R + 2NaX<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h3>Chemical Properties of Alkanes<\/h3>\n        <ul>\n            <li><strong>Halogenation:<\/strong> Occurs via a free radical mechanism in the presence of UV light or high temperature.<\/li>\n            <li><strong>Combustion:<\/strong> Complete oxidation results in CO<sub>2<\/sub> and H<sub>2<\/sub>O with high energy release.<\/li>\n            <li><strong>Isomerization:<\/strong> n-Alkanes on heating with anhydrous AlCl<sub>3<\/sub> and HCl gas convert to branched isomers.<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <div class=\"callout warning\">\n            <div class=\"callout-pill\">WARN<\/div>\n            Wurtz reaction is only efficient for preparing symmetrical alkanes with an even number of carbon atoms (e.g., Ethane, Butane). It produces a mixture of products for odd-numbered alkanes.\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- Promotional Banner 1 -->\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ksquare.co.in\/new-courses\/3-mission-180-neet-physics-rankers-batch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" style=\"display:block; margin-bottom:40px;\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Course-Poromo-Banner-scaled.png\" alt=\"Mission 180 NEET Physics Rankers Batch - KSquare Career Institute\" style=\"width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:10px; display:block;\">\n        <\/a>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">04<\/div>Alkenes: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons<\/h2>\n        <p>Alkenes contain at least one double bond and are generally more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of pi-electrons. This section is high-yield for NEET-style <strong>hydrocarbons class 11 notes pdf<\/strong> revision.<\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"card-grid\">\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">HYBRIDIZATION<\/span>\n                Carbon atoms in a double bond are sp<sup>2<\/sup> hybridized with a planar geometry (120\u00b0 angles).\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card\">\n                <span class=\"card-title\">REACTIVITY<\/span>\n                Primarily undergo electrophilic addition reactions due to the electron-rich pi-cloud.\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"formula-orange\">\n            <div class=\"formula-orange-content\">Markovnikov\u2019s Rule: The negative part of the addendum (e.g., Br<sup>\u2212<\/sup> from HBr) adds to the carbon with fewer hydrogen atoms.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"callout tip\">\n            <div class=\"callout-pill\">TIP<\/div>\n            Ozonolysis is the most effective method to locate the position of a double bond in an unknown alkene by analyzing the resulting carbonyl products.\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">05<\/div>Alkynes: Triple Bond Chemistry<\/h2>\n        <p>Alkynes are characterized by a triple bond. Terminal alkynes show a unique acidic character because the s-character of sp hybridization (50%) makes the carbon highly electronegative.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"formula-dark\">\n            <span class=\"formula-dark-label\">HYDROGENATION CONTROL<\/span>\n            <div class=\"formula-dark-content\">Alkyne + H<sub>2<\/sub> (Lindlar&#8217;s Catalyst) \u2192 Cis-Alkene <br> Alkyne + Na\/liq. NH<sub>3<\/sub> (Birch Reduction) \u2192 Trans-Alkene<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">06<\/div>Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aromaticity<\/h2>\n        <p>Benzene is the parent aromatic hydrocarbon. To be aromatic, a compound must follow Huckel&#8217;s rule and maintain a planar, cyclic, conjugated structure. This is a foundational topic in any <strong>hydrocarbons class 11 notes pdf<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"formula-orange\">\n            <div class=\"formula-orange-content\">Huckel\u2019s Rule: (4n + 2) \u03c0 electrons | For Benzene (n=1), 6 \u03c0 electrons are present.<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- Promotional Banner 2 -->\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/neet-2026-rank-predictor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" style=\"display:block; margin-bottom:40px;\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/neet-2026-college-and-rank-predictor-scaled.png\" alt=\"NEET 2026 Rank Predictor - KSquare Career Institute\" style=\"width:100%; height:auto; border-radius:10px; display:block;\">\n        <\/a>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">07<\/div>Electrophilic Substitution in Benzene<\/h2>\n        <p>Unlike alkenes, benzene resists addition reactions to preserve its resonance stabilization. Instead, it undergoes electrophilic substitution.<\/p>\n        \n        <div class=\"table-container\">\n            <table>\n                <thead>\n                    <tr>\n                        <th>Reaction<\/th>\n                        <th>Reagent<\/th>\n                        <th>Electrophile<\/th>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Nitration<\/td>\n                        <td>Conc. HNO<sub>3<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/td>\n                        <td>NO<sub>2<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Sulphonation<\/td>\n                        <td>Fuming H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> (Oleum)<\/td>\n                        <td>SO<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                    <tr>\n                        <td>Friedel-Crafts Alkylation<\/td>\n                        <td>R-Cl + anhydrous AlCl<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n                        <td>R<sup>+<\/sup><\/td>\n                    <\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">08<\/div>Directive Influence of Substituents<\/h2>\n        <p>Substituents already present on the ring dictate where the next group will enter. This concept is vital for multi-step synthesis questions in the <strong>hydrocarbons class 11 notes pdf<\/strong>.<\/p>\n        \n        <ul>\n            <li><strong>Ortho\/Para Directing:<\/strong> Activators (like \u2212OH, \u2212NH<sub>2<\/sub>, \u2212CH<sub>3<\/sub>) and deactivating Halogens.<\/li>\n            <li><strong>Meta Directing:<\/strong> Deactivators (like \u2212NO<sub>2<\/sub>, \u2212CN, \u2212CHO, \u2212COOH).<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">09<\/div>Carcinogenicity and Environment<\/h2>\n        <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced during incomplete combustion of coal, petroleum, and tobacco are often carcinogenic. They enter the human body and undergo biochemical changes that damage DNA.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"internal-links\">\n            <span class=\"internal-links-title\">ENHANCE YOUR NEET PREPARATION<\/span>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/neet-physics-survival-kit-2026\/\">NEET Physics Survival Kit 2026<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/organic-chemistry-strategy-neet\/\">Organic Chemistry Strategy for NEET<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/neet-biology-tricks-for-exams\/\">NEET Biology Tricks for Exams<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/score-340-in-neet-biology\/\">How to Score 340 in NEET Biology<\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/free-study-material\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Free NEET Study Material<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"revision-box\">\n            <h3>Quick Revision Summary<\/h3>\n            <ul>\n                <li>Alkanes are paraffinic; Alkenes\/Alkynes are unsaturated.<\/li>\n                <li>Wurtz Reaction: 2R-X + 2Na \u2192 R-R. Best for even-numbered symmetrical alkanes.<\/li>\n                <li>Kolbe\u2019s Electrolysis: Sodium salts of carboxylic acids produce alkanes at the anode.<\/li>\n                <li>Markovnikov: Negative part adds to carbon with fewer H-atoms.<\/li>\n                <li>Kharasch Effect (Peroxide effect): Only applies to HBr, resulting in Anti-Markovnikov addition.<\/li>\n                <li>Lindlar\u2019s Catalyst produces Cis-Alkenes from Alkynes.<\/li>\n                <li>Birch Reduction produces Trans-Alkenes from Alkynes.<\/li>\n                <li>Terminal alkynes react with Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate to give white precipitates.<\/li>\n                <li>Aromaticity requires (4n+2) pi electrons and planarity.<\/li>\n                <li>Benzene nitration requires NO<sub>2<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup> nitronium ion.<\/li>\n                <li>PAHs are toxic and carcinogenic byproducts of combustion.<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n            <a href=\"#\" class=\"download-btn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">\n                <span>Download Hydrocarbons Notes PDF<\/span>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <h2><div class=\"badge\">10<\/div>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n        <div class=\"faq-container\">\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>Why are alkanes called paraffins?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Alkanes are called paraffins (Latin: parum = little, affinis = affinity) because they are relatively unreactive toward standard reagents like acids, bases, or oxidizing agents under normal conditions.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>What is the condition for Anti-Markovnikov addition?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">It only occurs with HBr (not HCl or HI) in the presence of organic peroxides (like benzoyl peroxide). It follows a free radical mechanism rather than the ionic carbocation pathway.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>How can I identify if a compound is aromatic?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Check four conditions: 1. Cyclic structure. 2. Planar geometry (sp<sup>2<\/sup> hybridized atoms). 3. Complete conjugation (alternating bonds). 4. Huckel&#8217;s rule: (4n+2) pi-electrons.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>Why is benzene more stable than expected?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Benzene is exceptionally stable due to resonance. The six pi-electrons are delocalized across the entire ring, lowering the potential energy of the molecule (Resonance Energy \u2248 150 kJ\/mol).<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n            <details>\n                <summary>\n                    <span>What is the Baeyer\u2019s test?<\/span>\n                    <div class=\"toggle-icon\">\n                        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path class=\"plus-path\" d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><path class=\"minus-path\" d=\"M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/summary>\n                <div class=\"faq-answer\">Baeyer&#8217;s test uses cold, alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4<\/sub>). It is used to detect unsaturation; if a double or triple bond is present, the purple color disappears and a brown precipitate forms.<\/div>\n            <\/details>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"cta-section\">\n            <h2>Fuel Your Success with KSquare<\/h2>\n            <p>Ready to drive your scores to the top? Join our Mission 180 Rankers Batch and master Hydrocarbons with expert guidance, daily practice, and targeted NEET strategies.<\/p>\n            <div class=\"cta-buttons\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/courses.ksquare.co.in\/new-courses\/3-mission-180-neet-physics-rankers-batch\" class=\"btn btn-white\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Join Rankers Batch<\/a>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/free-study-material\/\" class=\"btn btn-outline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Get Free Study Material<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n  <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n  <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n  <title>Table of Contents \u2014 Chemistry Class 11<\/title>\n  \n  <!-- Google Fonts Import -->\n  <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n  <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n  <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&#038;family=Plus+Jakarta+Sans:ital,wght@0,200..800;1,200..800&#038;display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n  \n  <style>\n    \/* Scoped wrapper using a unique ID to prevent CSS conflicts. *\/\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper {\n      font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;\n      width: 100%;\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 60px 0;\n      color: #111;\n      background: #fff;\n      -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper .container-inner {\n      width: 100%;\n      margin: 0 auto;\n      padding: 0; \/* No left\/right padding for edge-to-edge look *\/\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper h1 {\n      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n      font-size: 0.85rem;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      color: #71717a;\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n      letter-spacing: 0.1em;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      padding-left: 16px; \n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper h2 {\n      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n      font-size: 2.25rem;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      margin: 0 0 48px;\n      letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n      color: #09090b;\n      padding-left: 16px;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper table {\n      width: 100%;\n      border-collapse: collapse;\n      border-spacing: 0;\n      border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n      border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper tr {\n      border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n      transition: all 0.2s ease;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper tr:hover {\n      background-color: #f8fafc;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper tr:last-child {\n      border-bottom: none;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper td {\n      padding: 24px 16px;\n      vertical-align: middle;\n      font-size: 1.05rem;\n      font-weight: 500;\n      border-right: 1px solid #e4e4e7;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper td:last-child {\n      border-right: none;\n    }\n\n    \/* First column (Numbers) alignment and padding *\/\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper td:first-child {\n      color: #a1a1aa;\n      font-size: 0.9rem;\n      width: 70px;\n      font-weight: 400;\n      font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;\n      text-align: center;\n      padding-left: 10px;\n    }\n\n    \/* Middle column (Chapter Name) alignment and padding *\/\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper td:nth-child(2) {\n      padding-left: 24px;\n      color: #18181b;\n    }\n\n    \/* Last column (Button) alignment and padding *\/\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper td:last-child {\n      text-align: right;\n      width: 180px;\n      padding-right: 16px;\n    }\n\n    \/* Button Styling *\/\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper a.go {\n      display: inline-block;\n      font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;\n      font-size: 0.75rem;\n      font-weight: 800;\n      padding: 12px 24px;\n      border: 1.5px solid #18181b;\n      border-radius: 8px;\n      color: #18181b;\n      text-decoration: none;\n      letter-spacing: 0.05em;\n      text-transform: uppercase;\n      transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);\n      white-space: nowrap;\n    }\n\n    #chemistry-toc-wrapper a.go:hover {\n      background: #18181b;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      transform: translateY(-2px);\n      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(24, 24, 27, 0.15);\n    }\n\n    \/* Responsive adjustments *\/\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n      #chemistry-toc-wrapper h2 {\n        font-size: 1.75rem;\n        margin-bottom: 32px;\n      }\n      #chemistry-toc-wrapper td {\n        padding: 18px 12px;\n        font-size: 0.95rem;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div id=\"chemistry-toc-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"container-inner\">\n    <h1>Table of Contents<\/h1>\n    <h2>Chemistry &mdash; Class 11<\/h2>\n    \n    <table>\n      <tr><td>01<\/td><td>Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/some-basic-concepts-of-chemistry-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>02<\/td><td>Structure of Atom<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/structure-of-atom-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>03<\/td><td>Classification of Elements and Periodicity<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/periodic-table-class-11-notes-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>04<\/td><td>Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/chemical-bonding-class-11-notes-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>05<\/td><td>Thermodynamics<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/thermodynamics-chemistry-class-11-notes-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>06<\/td><td>Equilibrium<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/equilibrium-chemistry-class-11-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>07<\/td><td>Redox Reactions<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/redox-reactions-chemistry-class-11-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>08<\/td><td>Organic Chemistry &mdash; Basic Principles<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/organic-chemistry-basic-principles-class-11\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>09<\/td><td>Hydrocarbons<\/td><td><a class=\"go\" href=\"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/hydrocarbons-class-11-notes-pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Go to page<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>01 Introduction to Hydrocarbons If you are looking for high-quality hydrocarbons class 11 notes pdf resources, you are in the right place. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They serve as the foundation of organic chemistry and are vital for understanding industrial fuels, polymers, and biochemical processes. For NEET aspirants, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[336,337,322,335,338],"class_list":["post-4027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-free-study-material","tag-alkanes-alkenes-alkynes-notes","tag-benzene-reactions-class-11","tag-class-11-chemistry-pdf","tag-hydrocarbons-class-11","tag-organic-chemistry-hydrocarbons"],"blocksy_meta":{"page_structure_type":"type-1","styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4027"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4240,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4027\/revisions\/4240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ksquareinstitute.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}